![]() For additional information, try or Phonograph Cylinders: A Beginner's Guide by Tim Gracyk. A massive Cylinder Preservation and Digitization Project is in progress at the University of California, Santa Barbara. Because the voices of some historically important people are recorded only on early wax cylinders, efforts are underway to preserve them for research.Ĭlick here to learn more about the history of the Edison Cylinder Phonograph, courtesy of. By 1910, the Edison Speaking Company was the only major sound recording company still making cylinders-all the other manufacturers had switched to disk phonograph records, which were less expensive to produce and could be recorded on both sides. The cylinders are about 2 inches in diameter, 4 inches long, and very brittle ( click here to see an example or try a search on the keywords "wax cylinders" in Google Images). Edison first used cylinders made of tinfoil but later switched to hard wax. A digital watermark is a sequence of bits skillfully embedded in a data file, such as an audio CD or motion picture on DVD, to help identify the source of copies manufactured or distributed in violation of copyright.Īn early sound recording medium developed in the late 1870s by Thomas Edison in which tiny indentations were made in grooves on the outside surface of a cylinder, which could be played back as sound on a phonograph. ![]() In word processing, a design or lettering printed in a shade of gray across a page, over which the text appears to be superimposed, for example, the word " Draft" to indicate that the text is not the final version. To see images of this elusive form of pictorial art, try a search on the term "unicorn" in Watermarks in Incunabula Printed in the Low Countries, a database maintained by the Koninklijke Bibliotheek. Click here to learn more about watermarks, courtesy of David Badke. The paper used in a deluxe edition may be watermarked to indicate that it was made especially for the edition. Modern watermarks are sometimes used to provide security against forgery. Watermarks were originally intended to identify and date the source of production but in time came to designate paper size. In mechanized papermaking, the wire is impressed on the moist fiber by a cylinder called the dandy roll before the sheet is sent through a sequence of drying rolls. In hand papermaking, the design is made by sewing or soldering twisted wire to the mold, causing the layer of moist fiber to be thinner over the wire. State Abbreviations and State Capitals Provides state names, standard abbreviations, postal abbreviations, and state capitals, along with links to states official web sites.A faintly translucent papermaker's mark, consisting of lettering and/or an emblematic design that can be seen faintly in a sheet of quality paper when it is held up to a light source (see this example). Country Calling Codes Searchable database of long distance calling codes for countries and cities overseas.Yellow Pages International Calling Codes Listing of long distance calling codes for countries and cities overseas.Area Code Finder Tool for determining the area code of a locality, or the locality of an area code.This site allows users to search by area code or locality, displays area codes by state, and provides the time zone of area codes.Phonebook of the World Allows users to search by country or by map.Numberway Provides links to international directories on all continents.Infobels International Telephone Directories Provides links to directories worldwide.Telephone and City Directories in the Library of Congress Telephone, Addresses, and E-mail Directories ( University of Tennessee Library).Directories (Electronic Reference Sources) ( Rutgers University Libraries). ![]() ![]() Zip codes, state abbreviations, package delivery information. Internet links to e-mail and street addresses, telephone directories, ![]()
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